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TITLE: MANUAL OF GARDENING (SECOND EDITION)
AUTHOR: L. H. BAILEY
EBOOK: E00594 (O'Briens Book Cellar)

MANUAL OF GARDENING

A PRACTICAL GUIDE TO THE MAKING OF HOME GROUNDS AND THE GROWING OF
FLOWERS, FRUITS, AND VEGETABLES FOR HOME USE

SECOND EDITION

BY L. H. BAILEY

1910

[Illustration: I. The open center.]

EXPLANATION

It has been my desire to reconstruct the two books, "Garden-Making" and
"Practical Garden-Book"; but inasmuch as these books have found a
constituency in their present form, it has seemed best to let them stand
as they are and to continue their publication as long as the demand
maintains itself, and to prepare a new work on gardening. This new work
I now offer as "A Manual of Gardening." It is a combination and revision
of the main parts of the other two books, together with much new
material and the results of the experience of ten added years.

A book of this kind cannot be drawn wholly from one's own practice,
unless it is designed to have a very restricted and local application.
Many of the best suggestions in such a book will have come from
correspondents, questioners, and those who enjoy talking about gardens;
and my situation has been such that these communications have come to me
freely. I have always tried, however, to test all such suggestions by
experience and to make them my own before offering them to my reader. I
must express my special obligation to those persons who collaborated in
the preparation of the other two books, and whose contributions have
been freely used in this one: to C.E. Hunn, a gardener of long
experience; Professor Ernest Walker, reared as a commercial florist;
Professor L.R. Taft and Professor F.A. Waugh, well known for their
studies and writings in horticultural subjects.

In making this book, I have had constantly in mind the home-maker
himself or herself rather than the professional gardener. It is of the
greatest importance that we attach many persons to the land; and I am
convinced that an interest in gardening will naturally take the place of
many desires that are much more difficult to gratify, and that lie
beyond the reach of the average man or woman.

It has been my good fortune to have seen amateur and commercial
gardening in all parts of the United States, and I have tried to express
something of this generality in the book; yet my experience, as well as
that of my original collaborators, is of the northeastern states, and
the book is therefore necessarily written from this region as a base.
One gardening book cannot be made to apply in its practice in all parts
of the United States and Canada unless its instructions are so general
as to be practically useless; but the principles and points of view may
have wider application. While I have tried to give only the soundest and
most tested advice, I cannot hope to have escaped errors and
shortcomings, and I shall be grateful to my reader if he will advise me
of mistakes or faults that he may discover. I shall expect to use such
information in the making of subsequent editions.

Of course an author cannot hold himself responsible for failures that
his reader may suffer. The statements in a book of this kind are in the
nature of advice, and it may or it may not apply in particular
conditions, and the success or failure is the result mostly of the
judgment and carefulness of the operator. I hope that no reader of a
gardening book will ever conceive the idea that reading a book and
following it literally will make him a gardener. He must always assume
his own risks, and this will be the first step in his personal progress.

I should explain that the botanical nomenclature of this book is that of
the "Cyclopedia of American Horticulture," unless otherwise stated. The
exceptions are the "trade names," or those used by nurserymen and
seedsmen in the sale of their stock.

I should further explain the reason for omitting ligatures and using
such words as peony, spirea, dracena, cobea. As technical Latin
formularies, the compounds must of course be retained, as in _Paeonia
officinali,_ _Spiraea Thunbergi,_ _Dracaena fragrans,_ _Coboea
scandens;_ but as Anglicized words of common speech it is time to follow
the custom of general literature, in which the combinations ae and oe
have disappeared. This simplification was begun in the "Cyclopedia of
American Horticulture" and has been continued in other writings.

L. H. BAILEY.

ITHACA, NEW YORK, January 20, 1910.

CONTENTS

CHAPTER I

THE POINT OF VIEW
_What a garden is_

CHAPTER II

THE GENERAL PLAN OR THEORY OF THE PLACE
 _The plan of the grounds_
 _The picture in the landscape_
 _Birds; and cats_
 _The planting is part of the design or picture_
 _The flower-growing should be part of the design_
   Defects in flower-growing
   Lawn flower-beds
   Flower-borders
   The old-fashioned garden
   Contents of the flower-borders
 _The value of plants may lie in foliage and form rather than in bloom_
   Odd and formal trees
   Poplars and the like
   Plant-forms
 _Various specific examples_
   An example
   Another example
   A third example
   A small back yard
   A city lot
   General remarks
 _Review_

CHAPTER III

EXECUTION OF SOME OF THE LANDSCAPE FEATURES
 _The grading_
 _The terrace_
 _The bounding lines_
 _Walks and drives_
   The question of drainage, curbing, and gutters
   The materials
 _Making the borders_
 _Making the lawn_
   Preparing the ground
   The kind of grass
   When and how to sow the seed
   Securing a firm sod
   The mowing
   Fall treatment
   Spring treatment
   Watering lawns
   Sodding the lawn
   A combination of sodding and seeding
   Sowing with sod
   Other ground covers

CHAPTER IV

THE HANDLING OF THE LAND
 _The draining of the land_
 _Trenching and subsoiling_
 _Preparation of the surface_
 _The saving of moisture_
 _Hand tools for weeding and subsequent tillage and other hand work_
   The hoe
   Scarifiers
   Hand-weeders
   Trowels and their kind
   Rollers
   Markers
 _Enriching the land_

CHAPTER V

THE HANDLING OF THE PLANTS
 _Sowing the seeds_
 _Propagating by cuttings_
   Dormant stem-cuttings
   Cuttings of roots
   Green cuttings
   Cuttings of leaves
   General treatment
 _Transplanting young seedlings_
 _Transplanting established plants and trees_
   Tub-plants
   When to transplant
   Depth to transplant
   Making the rows straight
   Cutting-back; filling
   Removing very large trees
 _Winter protection of plants_
 _Pruning_
 _Tree surgery and protection_
   Tree guards
   Mice and rabbits
   Girdled trees
   Repairing street trees
 _The grafting of plants_
 _Keeping records of the plantation_
 _The storing of fruits and vegetables_
 _The forcing of plants_
   Coldframes
   Hotbeds
   Management of hotbeds

CHAPTER VI

PROTECTING PLANTS FROM THINGS THAT PREY ON THEM
 _Screens and covers_
 _Fumigating_

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